How did Tolstoy have such a fascinating insight to every level of society?

Leo Tolstoy, -a Russian novelist, a social and moral philosopher and one of the greatest writers of all time- lived during the period of realism. Most of his works present the reader to Russian life in the early 19th century and some of them deal with Russia's past history or social system. How did Tolstoy have such a fascinating insight to every level of society? How did history or the people around him influence his writing? In what ways did he, himself influence people through his writing? Why do people, today read his works all over the world? Leo Tolstoy was born on September 9, 1828, at Yasnaya Polyana, his parents' estate close to Moscow. His mother died when he was two years old. His father was a landowning nobleman, and he died when his son turned nine. Orphaned at an early age, Tolstoy was raised by his aunt, a deeply religious woman. The young Tolstoy received his first education from German and French tutors who taught him at home. Having a good education seemed really important in his eyes, so he attended a university where he studied law and languages. After having lost interest and disagreeing with some of the teachers, he left without a degree and went back to his family's old estate to continue the family tradition. (McGraw-Hill, p. 481) There he set out to reform the imperfect Russian society. During his college years Tolstoy came across some famous works of Jean Jacques Rousseau. The words of the French political thinker, who lived during the years of Enlightment, made a huge impact on the young Tolstoy. Rousseau had great trust in the common people, those who were mostly looked down by higher society. He argued in favor of equality and called for the abolition of all titles of rank and nobility. Tolstoy liked these views and agreed with most of them. He, too, had had faith in the lower classes and clearly saw the faults of nobility. â€Å"Man is born free, and everywhere is in chains,† was his favorite quote from Rousseau. (World History, p. 435) But never would he have imagined what kind of a conflict he got himself into by expressing his views on society. Tolstoy saw the dissipation and extravagance of high society, and also the injustices and poverty of serfs. Serfs were the people forced to work on the land in Russia's feudal system. The feudal system in Russia meant that poor families received land, food and housing from a nobleman, and they worked and served him in return. These people were treated very badly, they lived among horrible conditions and they had no hope of ever improving their condition of life because they never received any education. Tolstoy clearly saw the injustices of this situation and he was saddened to see generations of people sentenced to working for someone else with no way out. He was determined to become a model farmer and a â€Å"father† to his serfs. (McGraw-Hill, p. 481) He traveled to France and Germany and visited several dozen elementary schools across Europe. Finally, Tolstoy set up a school for peasant children, giving them a way to escape their destiny. Because of these actions Tolstoy became in conflict with higher society, which was not happy about the increasing awareness of serfs. His family also limited his generosity; his wife was especially annoyed because of her husband's charity towards the poor. Tolstoy married his wife when he was 34 and Sofya Andreyevna Bers was 16 years younger then her husband. She was a very intelligent, strong-willed woman who gave Tolstoy great happiness and 13 children. Tolstoy continued to work with his serfs and convinced his friends and other people around him to try and better the life of the work force. To everyone's astonishment his estate thrived under the new system where serfs were paid and given education and they lived among better conditions. By making these changes in his estate's economic life and managing it successfully, he convinced many other landowners to improve, too. After the birth of his children, Tolstoy had his own family to think about. Although he never had financial problems, he had to provide a living for his quickly growing family. In the next 15 years he raised a large family and as an escape from everyday problems into the past he wrote his two greatest novels: War and Peace and Anna Karenina. War and Peace represents a high point in Tolstoy's life. It is the story of 1812 when Napoleon, a French general attacked Russia. The story contains 559 characters; important military battles and portrays of historically famous people. The main theme, however is the changing lives of four Russian aristocratic families. Its general message is love of life in all circumstances which was inspired by Tolstoy's personal happiness. The shorter novel of Anna Karenina also deals with high Russian society, but it is more of a psychological work than any of his other pieces. This novel gives the reader the idea that Tolstoy greatly disapproves of intellectuality and urban sophistication and is tormented by the mission of humans in this world (http://www. geocities. com/Athens/Acropolis/6681/tolstoyb. tm). War and Peace and Anna Karenina realistically portrays Russian society in the early 19th century and probably that is the reason why every generations of people all over the world enjoy Tolstoy's works. The next 15 years were spent with seeking the ultimate meaning of life. Tolstoy went through a serious, long-lasting spiritual crisis that gave birth to two of his lesser- known works: Confession and Critique of Dogmatic The ology. In these writings he bravely attacked social inequality and the ultimate powers of government and church. His life was more and more dominated by the desire to achieve social justice and an acceptable system of moral principles. At this time he became involved with public matters and participated in many social events. During this period Tolstoy's relationship with his family became estranged. He planned on giving away all his wealth, but his wife would not hear of it. She would not share the thought of her husband that by doing good things to others might help you achieve understanding of the meaning of life. Finally, they reached a compromise and Sofya received the copyright to all his works before 1881. McGraw-Hill, p. 483) Tolstoy's last years were filled with his worldwide celebration, but they bought him great unhappiness. During these years he lived far from the world, and led a quiet life. Rejecting the foundations of Russian society and religion he established his own religion in which he explained that God lives in all people. The Eastern Orthodox Church for his view of God excommunicated Tolstoy. At the age of 82, in 1910, increasingly tormented by his personal beliefs, religious persecution, his personal wealth and by the hopeless quarrels with his wife, he decided to leave his family. He set out on his last pilgrimage in search of justification and truth. Three days later he fell ill and died on November 20, in the home of a station manager. He was later buried at his dear Yasnaya Polyana, where he spent most of his happiest years. Tolstoy benefitted from many things he received in his childhood. When foreign teachers tutored him he learned their languages completely. Therefore he knew Russian, his native language, and he spoke French and German perfectly, too. He later applied this knowledge in his books, writing in all three languages. The concept of God and the purpose and meaning of religion troubled Tolstoy throughout his life. He had always been in search of the concept of right or wrong, but never could achieve an understanding of the matter. Tolstoy' on ideas on religion and on nonresistance to evil influenced Mohandas Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jr. Both of these men fought nonviolently for rights and the well being of their people: Gandhi in India against the British and Luther King for equality for blacks. Other famous Russian authors of this period were Fyodor Dostoevsky and Ivan Turgenev. McGraw-Hill, p. 484) Tolstoy's life seems a little bit of struggle at some points, but he really gave a lot to this world. He made a huge difference by getting rid of his convictions and doing what he thought was best for society. He even had the courage to express his views that were not welcomed by most of the people around him. Tolstoy is known for his books, however, that bought him worldwide acclaim in his living, but he is still celebrated today as one of the world's greatest author of all times.

Why do we care so much?

Introduction. People generally search for positive feedback pertaining to the self, in order to maintain a positive self-image. People also generally do not seek external feedback that accurately reflects their self-image, but rather a fair looking glass that displays positive images of the self, which serve to protect their personal self-esteem. (Brehm, Cassin, & Fein, 5th ed. 1998) Definition. Along these lines, Tesser's self-evaluation maintenance model states that the performance of others in our social environments can affect our self-evaluations, (Taylor & Brown, 1988). When a person we are close to performs well on a task, what will determine whether we will react positively or negatively to that behavior? Factors. There are three (3) influential factors that lead to having positive or negative thoughts on others successes when dealing with the self. They are crucial in understanding the idea of self-esteem maintenance. The factors are Performance, Closeness, and Importance. Performance is the most straight forward, and states that one will make decisions about their feelings towards others, based on how well that person performed on the same task that another has already completed. lecture 2/13/03) This is made by a measurement of some sort. In this case, Satoka got a higher grade then Steve and Sarah on the exam. This caused Steve to show feelings of jealousy towards Satoka, however Sarah, having gotten the same grade as Steve, was indifferent due to other factors. Closeness is a little trickier to deal with. It has to do with the relationship between the two people in question. If they are closely related, one would begin to hypothesize that they would be happy for each other's successes. That is not what the data suggests. Steve, Satoka and Sarah, in the given problem, are all very close friends. The data suggests that this close bond will cause some tension and perhaps establish competition that could lead to envy and discomfort toward Satoka. (lecture 1/13/03) The last of the three factors is Importance. This is a crucial factor because, if the task in question is not that important to one's self-concept or maintenance of high self esteem, then the individual simply won't care enough to let it have any affect on him/herself. (lecture 1/13/03) Steve and Satoka in this example, are both aspiring psychology majors, which is the item that makes this factor so significant, and makes this exam score so important to their self concept. They have established some kind of subconscious competition. Knowing that Satoka has done better then him on the exam, could cause Steve to feel threatened. Satoka might now be a better candidate to be a psych. Major because of his superior performance on the exam. This exam however is not of crucial importance to Sarah's concept of the self, because she is not in a field relating to psychology. Thus, she has an apposite reaction to the exam score, and Satoka, Processes. Based on the prior description of the factors, and how they relate to Steve and Sarah's reaction in this situation, one can further infer processes to account for their reactions.. The first process is called comparison. The comparison process states that if another person who is close to you, on a task that is of importance to you, out performs you, you will show resentment, or feel badly. (lecture 1/13/03) The second process is Reflection. As it's name suggests, this is when you reflect on someone else's success, and you feel good about yourself, because they performed well. This is the process that Sarah is exemplifying. Recovery. There are three things that Steve can do, (one in relation with each of the factors) in order to relieve himself of this burden of negative feelings towards Satoka. (lecture 1/13/03) The first is that he can change his performance on the task, (do better on the exam) and that will lead to a better feeling when comparing with Satoka's high score. Another thing he can do is change how close he is with Sataoka, meaning, he would distance himself in the friendship to help save positive self-esteem. Lastly, he could change the amount of emphasis or importance that he places on the exam. One solution would be to change majors. (lecture 1/13/03) Conclusion. The idea of self-concept maintenance is one that the average person deals with in a typical day during the course of his/her interaction with friends and strangers. If the population is all more aware of why we feel the way we do about certain things, it might be possible to prevent a lot of the negative hostility that is harbored for one another in certain situations, especially jealousy among friends.

Early Western Civilization (4000-1000 B.C.E.) History Research Paper

Early Western Civilization (4000-1000 B.C.E.) History - Research Paper Example 2008). The pastoral peoples of these societies played a significant role in the history. It was the start of emergence of new states in the third and second millennia BCE. Eurasia was militarized, and major trends were seen in Eurasia and Africa. It all began when irrigation was started on the floodplain of Mesopotamia in Southwest Asia, which initiated a drastically novel trial in human organization on earth. Although the valleys of the lower Tigris and Euphrates were rainless, yet they had an abundant supply of water due to which these areas could provide land to vast concentrations of population, and could support higher cultural density than any hill country. 4000 BCE was followed by the emergence of large walled cities along the two rivers. This paper details the chronological series of developments in the western world history from 4000 to 1000 BCE. Spielvogel (2011, xxix) writes in his book that, â€Å"Although early civilizations emerged in different parts of the world, the foundations of Western civilization were laid by the Mesopotamians and the Egyptians.†i These were the people who struggled with the newly emerging problems of the new states and communities in 3000 BCE (Noble 2008, 14). This era saw the emergence of major civilized societies. The appearance of four great floodplain civilizations was significant. First was in Mesopotamia, which was followed by a second one in the Nile valley, and the third one appeared in the Indus valley in 2500 BCE. These civilizations had a great impact upon each other through intercommunication, agriculture and trade. Then, the fourth civilization appeared in the Yellow River valley of northwestern China. Agriculture went on spreading, and urban centers emerged on the rain-watered lands of Syria and the island of Crete. When agriculture and trade was extended on large areas, new complicated societies arose in the Aegean Sea Basin and Western Europe. It was the era when most of the population of the world r esided in small farming areas, with the main occupation of hunting and foraging. This population had to make a lot of struggle to adapt to the changing world of new civilizations. New social circumstances demanded a lot of effort on their part. This was also the era of pastoralism- the emergence of pastoral peoples (Embree and Gluck 1997, 916). Larger communities that emerged in Eurasia and Africa fed on animals, which were the main source of food in those areas. The pastoral peoples started migrating from the steppes of Central Asia in the second millennium BCE, and this brought about a major change in the west including Europe, and the Mediterranean basin to India. Spielvogel (2011) writes that these people developed writing and created literature that tells about the culture and societal values of their era. They also constructed monumental architecture which symbolized their power and culture. It was the era of militarization of some societies and appearance of new kingdoms, in which the main language belonged to the Indo-European family. This era also saw some of the most fundamental inventions, discoveries and institutions of the world, which also formed the basis of subsequent communities and civilizations. 4000 BCE is also famous for its great flood stories whose archeological evidence has been found in 1929, which showed that there was a great flood at Ur near the Persian Gulf in the delta of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. These floods were considered as punishments from God, because they were also talked about in the Epic of

PESTEL analysis of the automotive industry in United Kingdom Essay

PESTEL analysis of the automotive industry in United Kingdom - Essay Example It elaborates the macroeconomic factors that are used to scan the environment before taking any strategic decision in an organisation (Mercer, 2008). PESTEL stands for: P- Political; E- Economic; S- Social; T- Technological; E-Environmental; L- Legal. The few constituents of PESTEL of the automotive industry are as follows: The firms should be aware of the political factors like the trading policies, governmental changes in rules and regulations of the production of cars which includes safety standards and fuel emissions. Economic factors influencing business includes taxation policies, economies and trends, trade cycles and exchange rate and interest rate changes (Thompson, 2001). Cars are the polluting agents which pollute the environment to such an extent that it can be dangerous to the society and large emission of harmful gases can even lead to diseases. Cars manufactures are introducing Alternative Energy Vehicles that use only electricity and has rechargeable battery (Booz, 20 08). The challenges that are faced by the automotive industry are that it is very expensive and this will be the solution for lowering pollutants. Environmental pollutants have been the basic challenge for this industry which is threatening the automotive industry worldwide and thus they should pay attention to the alternative energy vehicle (Ferrel, 2012). The firm should always comply with all rules and regulations that are levied on car manufacturing , such as safety and standard issues, gas emission laws, vehicles regulations, etc (Mercer, 2008). 2. Trend forecast for 2016 Fords Motor Company, an automobile giant has it’s headquarter in United States. It has expanded its market in many countries like Japan, India etc. Ford has been suffering from many hurdles which are affecting the business. The challenges are coming from the macroeconomic environment and it has threatened their existence. PESTEL analysis has been done to identify the factors that are affecting the exist ence of the automotive company (Craik, 2013). The following are the challenges that are faced by Ford and their future planning till 2016 so that they can overcome the challenges: 1) The rising price of oil has made customers less automotive friendly (Ferrel, 2012). Ford has been doing technological adjustment which is helping them build a modern standard in the present outline. By 2016 it will reach its destination by creating such technologies which can even give the solution for using expensive oils. In many countries, the financer of the organisation has been playing a crucial role in the development and the progress of the organisation (Ferrel, 2012). 2) Accelerating growth in the developing countries is very difficult and thus attaining customers is near to impossible. But Ford has targeted a potential market to penetrate with its motors and thus give them a changed phase by the year 2016. 3) The sale of Ford was also affected by the types of motors that are being used by the people. But when the income of the mass is elevated to that position that they can pay attention to own a luxury car the sale of Ford has increased (Burrow, 2011). For the future development Ford concentrate on developing low priced cars so that it can be afforded by the mass (Sturgeon and Biesebroeck, 2010). 4) Consumer preferences changes from time to time (Miller, 2012). Their taste and likings are not stagnant for all time. They try to experience new brands and that affects the sales of the

Company law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Company law - Essay Example In instances where calls are not met, the shares are forfeited. The main advantage of a no liability company is that the investor has a chance of pulling out if the company has no future. S 112(2) provides that a no liability company must be a mining company, which has a company constitution stating its objects in mining. The provision of section S 148(4) is that a no liability company must use â€Å"No liability† or â€Å"NL† at the end of the company's name. The no liability companies restricted to companies that have an object of mining only. The concept of no liability increases investment in the industry as it does not bind to its shareholders and they can withdraw from the company2. The difference between a no liability company and other companies is that a no liability company’s shareholders are not liable to pay calls on any unpaid shares. The conventional provision of companies is that the purchase of shares is a contract that is binding and shareholders bound to pay for the shares when there is a call. The position is that if the shareholder does not pay the share there is a forfeiture of the already paid up shares and the unpaid shares. The provision of a no liability company concerning the shares gives confidence investors in potentially uncertain mining undertaking. This is the reason because a shareholder who has unpaid shares can elect to pull out from the company without any legal penalties. In the case of Mac Stevenson, the best company would be a no liability company. The choice of a no liability company is because the mining ventures are uncertain and; therefore, investors are not willing to invest in such companies. The provisions of the no liability company tend to encourage investors into investing in mining companies. When there is uncertainty in the ventures of a company the investors would still be willing to buy the company shares. This is because they are not compelled to pay on making of calls to pay. The provisi ons of a no liability company fit this provision, as the shareholders who will purchase the share in the Mac Stevenson’s company will be more willing to invest in the venture. This is especially so since they are uncertain in the future of the company they will not be bound to pay the unpaid share if they will see no future for the company. The company will be a small company, according to 45A a company can be a large or a small company. Mac Stevenson’s company will fit into the small company. This is because it satisfies two of the criteria that are it should have gross operating revenue of less than $25m and its gross assets are less than $12.5m. Mac Stevenson’s company has operating revenue of less than $25m and its gross assets are not in excess of $12.5m, therefore, fits into the category of small business. On the other hand, Mac Stevenson can the can expand the business to install solar panels with the batteries3. However, the expansion cannot be done the any liability company as the provision of the no liability company restricts the operations of companies registered as no liability to only mining ventures and as such, they cannot operate other business dealings like installing solar panels4. The expansion realized when the company converts to a limited liability company. The general undertaking is that when a no liability mining company becomes

Exam 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Exam 1 - Essay Example Did Don have duty of care? Absolutely, if a person gets into an automobile as a passenger it is entirely reasonable to assert that they expect and the driver accepts the responsibility of safely conveying them to their destination. In this case, if anything, Don had a greater than normal duty of care as, by the time of the crash, Paula was a virtual prisoner in the vehicle. She ‘repeatedly asked Don to stop and let her out of the car†¦. Don ignored her requests.’ Arguably, Don was a kidnapper at this pint with Paula confined by his refusal to let her out. Regardless of this tangent, Don was responsible for the safe operation of the vehicle and the safety of Paula, his passenger. He breeched that care when he drove, insistently, until exhausted and dozed off. A Techbyte employee had driven Paula to the conference and asked Don to return her home as he, the president, was staying at the convention for another day. Approached by the president, Don, ‘a trusted employee’ agreed. He was not doing a friend a favour he was acceding to his superior’s request. Further, during the trip they were to ‘discuss Techbyte’s future computer needs on the way.’ Ultimately, in this scenario, Don was ‘at work’ when the accident occurred and acting as an employee of Techbyte and not as an individual. This, then, gives rise to a second question: Could Techbyte be held liable for the injuries Paula sustained in the car accident that resulted from Don’s negligent driving? Yes, they could. It is difficult to defend against the claim that Don was acting as an employee when he agreed to drive Paula home. As a ‘trusted employee’, presumably a man the president had known for some time, he was a reasonable and responsible choice. At that point Techbyte’s duty of care was fulfilled and the duty of care passed to Don, the driver. This is not a strong claim, but there is a significant mitigating factor here. Don did not injure Paula in

Bob Knowlton Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Bob Knowlton - Case Study Example From tniks study it is clear that Bob should have been adequately prepared for the changes within the organization. Jerrold should have had communication with Bob outside of the work setting and possibly identified Bob's emotional problem with Fester. Communication between Bob and Jerrold was always focused on work and tasks that limited bob's ability to express his discomfort about Fester to Jerrold.As the discussion stresses it is important for members of staff to be involved in team building activities. Before Fester's arrival, the members of the lab did not have team building activities. Emphasis was put on tasks at the lab, and there was no cohesiveness between the staff. The relationships of the staff do not exist outside of the workplace, and this hinders the interpersonal development between the individuals of the group. As a result, the individuals of the group do not feel empowered, and this is worsened by the arrival of Fester. The group members feel that Fester is getting preferential treatment by Jerrold. Jerrold, on the other hand, does not efficiently communicate the role he has planned for Fester, leaving Bob feeling undermined and threatened as the leader of the lab.  Jerrold's passive leadership does not adequately prepare members of the lab for a change. Before Fester's arrival, Bob feels empowered and a valued member of the lab.  Bob was not aware of Fester's hiring and is taken by surprise. He was neither informed nor prepared for this change.

Initiation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Initiation - Essay Example Theseus sends his illegitimate son, Hippolytus to live in Troezen with his great-grandfather where he expected his stepson to inherit the rule of Troezen. Hippolytus only worshipped Artemis, the goddess of hunt, and failed to acknowledge the other gods. This angered the other gods in particular Aphrodite, the goddess of love. As a result Aphrodite plots Hippolytus’s death by making Phaedra, his step-mother, to fall in love with him (Gieseler 17). Aphrodite causes Phaedra to desire Hippolytus but her stepson is chaste. Hippolytus refuses the advances of his stepmother, who ultimately commits suicide because of this rejection. In her suicide letter to her husband Theseus, Phaedra accuses his stepson of raping her. After reading the paper, Theseus curses his stepson and the curse ultimately leads to his death. Hippolytus as a prince was expected to undergo an initiation process in order to become a member of Pandion’s land. It was during this solemn mystic rite event that her stepmother, Phaedra notices him and develops intimate feelings for him; influenced by the power of Aphrodite In the mythological essence, Hippolytus has no major character flaw that might make him the protagonist of this poem. His only mistake is turning down the advances of his stepmother, in a bid to stick to his chaste principles. His death is tragic, in the very least, but he lacks a major character flaw that led to the downfall of renowned protagonists such as Brutus (Gieseler 24). His father, on the other hand, is blinded by revenge and curses his son. Hippolytus is cursed by people he dearly loved, Theseus, for a sin he never committed. The death of Hippolytus does not fit death of a child motif. His father asked, â€Å"Woe is me! Is it a child’s life death robs me of?† (Gieseler 21). Death of a child motif is always applicable when a child dies without his or her parents’ involvement. However, in the play, Theseus’s curse on his son leads to his death. Hippolytus

The new atkins diet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The new atkins diet - Essay Example The diet allows for portion control and an explanation of how the restriction of carbohydrates can be beneficial to people. There is evidence that restricting carbohydrates can be beneficial to those looking to lose weight, with further evidence that restricted carbohydrates can help with diseases such as those involving seizures, Alzheimer’s or type 2 diabetes. Restricting carbohydrates, however, can be seen as restricting the body from some of the food items needed to have a balanced diet. The consideration of the New Atkins Diet is controversial and is likely not a good recommendation for a patient in search of healthy weight control. One of the first things that the writers of the New Atkins Diet state is that the diet was once a fad, but has been proven medically safe for those needing to lose weight (Westman, Phinney and Volek 2010, p. x). Westman, Phinney, and Volek (2010, p. xi) also go on to describe the benefits of low carbohydrate diets to the management of Alzheimer’s, autism, Lou Gehrig’s disease, and brain tumours. The authors do go on to say that there are a great many people, both medical professionals and layman, who do not believe that the Atkin’s form of eating is healthy or practical, but in pursuing their goals to fight obesity, they believe that the once ‘fad’ diet has the potential to revolutionize the lifestyles of those who adhere to their concepts. Looking at the framework within which the eating style is based can begin to reveal whether or not the diet is valuable as a tool for weight loss. Figure 1 is a diagram pyramid that shows how foods should be cons idered in a low carb diet. As the food lifestyle is explained, it is clear that the hope for this version is to make the consumer understand that the diet is not about eating nothing but â€Å"beef, bacon, and butter† (Westman, Phinney, and Volek 2010, p. xv). In Dr. Atkins book of 2002 which further explored his theories on weight loss, the diet is

TV and Film Violence Essay Example for Free

TV and Film Violence Essay Does the violence in films and on TV contribute to violence in society? This question has been debated for decades. During that time some 2,500 books and articles have been written on the effects of TV and film violence on human behavior. In this article were going to summarize some the latest thinking on this subject. The results of one of the most extensive studies ever done on the subject of violence and TV were released in 2003. Researchers followed 329 subjects over 15 years. They found that those who as children were exposed to violent TV shows were much more likely to later be convicted of crime. Researchers said that, Media violence can affect any child from any family, regardless of social class or parenting. Girls who watched more than an average amount of violence tended to throw things at their husbands. Boys who grew up watching violent TV shows were more likely to be violent with their wives. Researchers concluded in Developmental Psychology that, Every violent TV show increases a little-bit the likelihood of a child growing up to behave more aggressively. Well look at more of the research in a moment. Canada was one of the first countries to extensively research this issue. The results of their studies prompted some of their engineers to devise the V-Chip. As you may know, the V-Chip allows parents to lock out TV programming they consider objectionable to their children. Although the concern in Canada was primarily violence (hence the V-chip), in the United States there is also great concern about sexual content probably more than in most other industrialized societies. Hence, the V-chip can be programmed to screen out both violence and sex. Cause-Effect Proof A clear cause-effect relationship between media violence and violence in society is complicated by the fact that children are typically exposed to many stimuli as they grow up, many of which could play a role in later behavior. For example, during a childs life we cant discount the role of such things as violent video games, the social values of parents and peers, or general living conditions. If you eat something that you have not tried before and immediately get sick, you will probably assume theres a direct relationship between the two. And if at some later date you forget about your first experience and eat the same thing again, and immediately get sick again, you can be fairly sure that whatever you ate makes you sick. No rocket science here, just clear cause and effect. Unfortunately, when it comes to violence in the media, the cause and effect is not as readily apparent. A few decades ago you would see doctors in TV commercials endorsing a particular brand of cigarettes. Many medical doctors smoked. Not today. Today the evidence is clear: smoking is the number one cause of preventable heath problems and premature death in the United States. Although for years the cigarette manufacturers suppressed evidence that linked smoking to health problems, eventually the cause-effect relationship became obvious to anyone who wanted investigate the facts. Unlike the cause and effect in the example of your eating something and immediately getting sick, the effects of cigarette smoking arent immediately apparent. Its only years later that many smokers develop lung cancer, heart problems, emphysema, sexual problems, etc. In the same way-after looking at years of accumulated data-were now recognizing a relationship between violence in the media and social problems. The results of a study released in March, 2002 that tracked 700 male and female youths over a seventeen-year period showed a definite relationship between TV viewing habits and acts of aggression and crime in the later life. All other possible contributing environmental elements, such as poverty, living in a violent neighborhood, and neglect, were factored out of this study. According to one of the authors of the study, the findings help cement the link between TV and violence. The study is detailed in Science. | Violence and TV Ratings Its well known that TV violence holds an attraction for most viewers and this attraction translates into ratings and profits. Because of this, most media executives have been reluctant to admit that media violence is in any way responsible for violence in our society. If it werent for the ratings and profits involved, producers would undoubtedly be much more willing to acknowledge the harm in TV and film violence and do something about it. After many high school students died in a shooting rampage at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado in April, 1999, many people were quick to blame the media. Violent video games and a well-known film were seen as contributing factors. Even so, a clear cause and effect is hard to establish. For example, millions of young people were exposed to both of these influences throughout their lives without going on a murderous rampage. But when you add extreme anger, easy access to guns, and an indifferent and amoral attitude toward the lives of others, the results can be very different. In 1992, TV Guide commissioned a study of a typical 18-hour TV broadcast day to determine levels of violence. The networks and the more popular cable channels were monitored for purposeful, overt, deliberate behavior involving physical force or weapons against other individuals. There were 1,846 acts of violence that broke down this way.

Changes in Teacher Ideologies

Changes in Teacher Ideologies Summarise discuss: Sullivan, K. (1997). Theyve opened Pandoras Box: Educational reform, the new right and teachers ideologies. ln M. Olssen K. Morris Matthews. (Eds.), Education policy in New Zealand (pp. 254-261). Palmerston North, New Zealand: Dunmore Press. (extracts) From page 254: Education Reform and Competing Ideologies Within the extract under investigation, Sullivan is building a case to legitimise his theory that Teachers fundamental professional and ideological principals and intentions are just as important as what and how they teach. In order to clarify his point he provides a model for defining what exactly the concept of an ideology in isolation involves and in the context of educational theories. In his argument he persuades the reader to accept that an ideology is a pre-conceived notion of what humans and in this context in particular teachers are programmed to consider appropriate and exceptional; that an ideology is an individual belief system which can alter politically but not necessarily physically. During the time this piece was written a number of educational reforms were taking place in New Zealand and teacher’s roles were having to adapt accordingly, with the school authorities and boards of trustees exacting greater control over them as employees. Consequently losing them a great deal of freedom within their teaching positions. The extract under discussion proposes that the traditional ideology adopted by most teachers is a humanist approach to life and working with children and adults in a l earning capacity. That this humanist ideal is fundamental to their character and instinctive responsibility as a teacher, or as Sullivan conveys ‘their ideology is largely intuitive and implied, based on some important but usually unstated assumptions’. He then goes on to list these assumptions in detail and proposes the notion that they have deep rooted understandings of how their own role functions under the auspices of the government and the traditional understanding of what they have always meant to mean education in its original context. The rationale for presenting this understanding is in relation to the writer’s broader argument relating to the New Right movement in New Zealand politics which has implemented new educational reforms in antithesis to this humanist ideology. Holistically Sullivan’s overall understanding and opinion of how teachers are adapting is by way of building themselves a new ideology which remains humanist but is also applying a resistance and reinforced method of working practice in response to the government’s new line and legislation. However Sullivan’s theories are not merely a personal observation, the outcomes of his conclusions have emerged from empirical data that he collated from interviews undertaken with fifty primary and intermediate school teachers employed in the Greater Wellington area of New Zealand. The new Education system in New Zealand adheres to an ideology which is essentially anti-humanist and the article is written at a time when the country had been dominated by New Right ideologies. These were in stark contrast to the humanist and liberal ideas that dominated Education in the decades before. The article quotes the progressive Educational pioneer John Dewey. He adhered to the opinion that only constant good is change for the good. Dewey did not measure levels of success based on standards, rather against human inspiration and passion (Tiles, 1990). And it is these measures of standards that Sullivan is critical of in his paper. This is emphasized further in Sullivan’s study Teachers Standards and Professionalism where he suggests that teachers have become pawns in the movement to implement right wing ideology across the country, criticising the new management approach to learning which appears to operate more as a business enterprise. How teachers have lost their authority to parents who dictate the way in which they now function. The modern philosophy of the New Right can be attributed to the breakdown of the original ideals of the Welfare State, reflected not only in New Zealand but in many countries around the world who adopted these principles during and following the outcomes of the Second World War. In particular with the English Government during the 1980’s and the new Conservative driven Education Reform Act of 1988. (Lingard et al, 1993) This new devolved system in New Zealand moved from a centralized arrangement to a structure whereby schools now take responsibility for their own governance and management. The country’s Ministry of education which was established under the 1989 Education Act takes forward the following aims and objectives: provides education policy advice to the Minister of Education and the Government; purchases services on behalf of the Crown; allocates funding and resources to schools and early childhood education providers; oversees the implementation of approved education policies; manages special education services; collects and processes education statistics and information; and monitors the effectiveness of the education system as a whole with ‘Separate education agencies hav(ing) national responsibilities for qualifications and quality assurance’. Additionally most education providers operate independently from Government and are rather controlled by boards of trustees or elected councils. Sourced from: http://www.minedu.govt.nz/educationSectors/InternationalEducation/ForInternationalStudentsAndParents/NewZealandEducationSystemAnOverview/Central_Agencies_and_Providers_A_Devolved_System.aspx, Date accessed 16/10/08 Teachers have consequently needed to adapt and find a new position for themselves as basic blue-collar working classroom teachers in a non-democratic environment. As such this has forced them to build new relationships and alliances with Boards of Trustees and amongst civil society. (Gordon, 1992) To discuss the context of this new change in thinking across New Zealand it has not merely acted in response to the UK government but has primarily acted on the issues that occurred during the 1970’s and 80’s when the country was witness to significant problems relating to trade, business, the balance of power and a dwindling economy. It was these concerns that paved the way for changes to the education system as a means of improving the national standards of the workforce and employment opportunities. (Perris, 1998) The New Right philosophy brings with it a complete list of ideals that include the necessity to implement order, reinstate traditional values, social hierarchy and family responsibility. (Dale and Ozga, taken from Lingard et al, 1993) In addition there is a strong emphasis on the relationship between power and knowledge, including a set of educational benchmarks to achieve forward New Right thinking. These predominantly include: That education should be structured in a way that enables parental influence to succeed over quality Education should be provided within a diverse range of institutions, to which admission is based on selection Provision of Education should be accountable to the parents, by way of the appraisal of teachers and through the frequent testing of students and teachers, with the right of publication of these results. (Bell and Gilbert,1996) Prior to this New Right trend vision which sought to improve schools on the basis of poor economies, gaps in the workforce and ill preparation of young people for the workplace, all curriculum development was governed by the Curriculum Division of the Department of Education and was reviewed regularly with ‘input from subject committees, the Department of Education, teacher groups, training colleges and independent schools. Later included university teachers†¦.’ This philosophy carried on into the 1950’s with a curriculum which was developed and delivered by educators who were considered the most authoritative to do so. (Davis, 2007) This was in line with the traditional concepts established during the 1877 Act which adhered to the National Public School system, with native New Zealand schools falling under the control of the Department of Education and Public Schools ministered by Education Boards. Therefore from 1879 there were two systems of state schools running alongside each other. It was the intention then to eventually integrate the teaching of native and ‘new’ residents to the country, although this was never successfully achieved. The state took control of Education in New Zealand in 1877, adopting a policy which epitomized neutrality. Even the teaching of religion was prohibited. (Bell and Gilbert, 1996). A new Education Act was taken forward in 1914 which sought primarily to consolidate all those strategies of the 1877 legislation and to make further developments to benefit Secondary Education and administration. This was followed up with 43 further amendments until A Commission on Educat ion was conducted in 1962 recommending improvements to teaching salaries, curriculum development, teacher training and the need to reduce class sizes. The proceeding 1964 Education Act failed however to implement any of these recommended changes and merely reinforced the previous statutes. (McClaren, 1974) The Curriculum Division which had been so progressive following the Second World War and into the 1950’s closed in 1989, with the politics of the New Right now dominating the future for educational reform across the country. Much of what had been established during the 1877 Act ‘An Act to make provision for the further Education of the people of New Zealand’ (McClaren,1974) was torn apart in 1989 and reinforced with an Education Amendment Act in 1990 and four further amendments the following year. Interestingly in McClaren’s Education in a small Democracy he emphasizes the negative aspects of Government control throughout this long period of history and the excessive amount of education administration structures that existed, which served to create an often bureaucratic and ineffectual Education system. For example he quotes ‘In 1972 25,000 laymen were working sometimes at cross purposes in the interests of separate, largely isolated sectors of the education system, their energies more often devoted to the improvement of lavatories than to the advancement of learning.’ It is an interesting contrasting theory to that of Sullivan who blames the new market ethos for undermining the ability and capacity of teachers to carry out their role effectively as essentially humanist, bureaucratic actors working for the fundamental ‘social good’ of the child and society as a whole. Considering the business culture of the New Right to be affecting the ideologies inherent in teachers and their philosophy to react against anti-humanist thinking. Sullivan insinuates in his paper ‘Educational reform, the New Right and teachers ideologies’ that teachers are essentially being forced to work against the best interests of the child and instead are having to accommodate the economics and politics being addressed by the parents, Boards of Trustees and civic bodies that they are now accountable to. The Guide to Print Culture in Aotearoa tells us that The Education Act 1877 existed to provide free, compulsory and secular education and standardized r eading systems. The emphasis of the curriculum stressed reading and writing and children were graded according against their ability measured by six standards. The reading texts were predominantly moral tales that were written for the benefit of British council schools and upheld strong values and morals and were ‘directed towards civic and moral duty’ all those considerations that are taken into account by the New Right ideology and yet quite clearly existed in the annals of the original 1877 agenda. Over a century of government control is obviously going to affect the way in which a country adapts to new measures of educational implementation and as Sullivan addresses; it is not necessarily a complete change for teaching staff that is necessary in order to work to a new ideology, but rather a need to maintain their own individual ideologies, whilst adjusting to the New Right agenda. However it is apparent that many of the original ideals of the 1877 Act and those that were adhered to and reinforced decades after are themselves questionable. Schools were segregated and their still remained everyday problems amongst the teaching profession. Department of Education Inspectors reports citing the methods and most significant problems and complaints made by teachers was the lack of reading books and materials for the children to work with. Sourced from http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-GriBook-_div3-N12E47.html, Date accessed 16/10/08 This is not a problem in today’s public Education system. It could also be argued that for such a great number of years for a country to experience no other alternative to state intervention and control it seems obvious that problems will occur with the ‘deep-seated assumptions’ that Sullivan refers to in the teaching profession in terms of their ideologies. Teachers should be acknowledged for their knowledge and skills for understanding how to deliver learning programmes and prepare children for the wider world but in addition to taking on board the legislation they are operating within as well as remembering that the child is the most important factor. Davis philosophically refers to this aptly in his paper Whose Education Is It Anyway? ‘†¦As it says in a quote on a school staff room wall: ‘No one ever got taller through being measured’. Bibliography Sullivan, K ‘Teachers Standards and Professionalism: Contested Perspectives in a Decade of Reform’: Victoria University of Wellington Lingard, B, Knight, J, Porter, P.H (1993) Schooling Reform in Hard Times: Routledge, Dale, R, Ozga, J ‘Two Hemispheres – Both New Right? 1980’s Education Reform in New Zealand and England and Wales’ taken from Lingard, B, Knight, J, Porter, P.H (1993) Schooling Reform in Hard Times: Routledge, Bell, B and Gilbert, J (1996) Teacher Development: A Model from Science Education: Routledge Gordon,L (1992) ‘Educational Reform in New Zealand: contesting the role of the teacher’, International Studies in Sociology of Education, Volume 2, Issue 1 Perris, L (1998) ‘Implementince; Ducationr Eforms In New Zealand: 1987-97 A Case Study’, The Education Reform And Management Series, vol 1, no2 Peters, M, Marhall, J.D (1996) Individualism and Community: Education and Social Policy in the Postmodern Condition: Routledge Davis, R.A (2007) ‘Whose Education Is It Anyway?’ Why It Is Important That Teachers Understand and Question the Broader Contexts Shaping the Curriculum’, New Zealand Journal of Teachers’ Work, Volume 4, Issue 1, 32-38, 2007 Leicester, M, Modgil, C, Modgil, S Education, culture and values: Routledge Tiles, J.E (1990) Dewey: Routledge McClaren, I.A (1974) Education in a Small Democracy New Zealand: New Zealand: Routledge Book Print in New Zealand: A Guide to Print Culture in Aotearoa Education Act 1877 New Zealand Electronic Text Centre Sourced from http://www.nzetc.org/tm/scholarly/tei-GriBook-_div3-N12E47.html, Date accessed 16/10/08 Sourced from: http://www.minedu.govt.nz/educationSectors/InternationalEducation/ForInternationalStudentsAndParents/NewZealandEducationSystemAnOverview/Central_Agencies_and_Providers_A_Devolved_System.aspx, Date accessed 16/10/08

E-governance :: Technology, GIS

A very hot topic in public administration research today is e-government. Due to continued technology growth, organizations now have new avenues to approach their missions through fresh and multifaceted methods. E-government may just be the cure for many of today’s ailing cities. E-government as defined by Denhardt and Denhardt (2009) is the â€Å"use of IT to provide information, deliver services, support organizational management systems, ad/or to offer opportunities for dialogue and citizen input† (p. 378). In order to truly understand e-government one must look at the benefits and opportunities as well as specific applications in which it can be used. According to Denhardt and Denhardt (2009) e-government can have many benefits: these include but are not limited to; facilitating communication, aiding in information sharing between public officials and with the general public, increasing efficiency, making elections and voting more accurate, and in turn assisting public administrators to better serve citizens (p. 378-379). E-government also has opportunities, the two main gaps presented by Denhardt and Denhardt (2009) are novelty and cooperation (p. 379). Novelty causes obstacles because it can sometimes be difficult to choose between the many different choices public administrators have access to. Another issue with novelty is that these innovative and varied options often require substantial change which can be very costly and complicated to maneuver through. Cooperation is also a key opportunity; e-government calls for interaction and sharing between all levels of government and government agencies. (Denhardt and Denhardt, 20 09) If cooperation is lacking, e-government initiatives cannot be successful. In a particular case study of â€Å"Sun County†, the real location name was changed for confidentiality purposes; the implementation of a new GIS (Geographic Information System) was followed for several years in order to focus on the process of e-government rather than the outcome or outputs that other research has focused on (Tsai, Choi, & Perry, 2009). The goal of the new GIS database was for the Department's staff to have the ability to enter data into the GIS database, run reports, and generate maps in a real time manner from their own workstations; this would allow them to provide a high level of service without having to allocate a lot of resources. Another goal of the project was to ease the decision making process of management by giving them the ability to perform analyses to better understand County resources and circumstances (Tsai, Choi, & Perry, 2009).

I Disagree with Nietzsche, We Should Embrace Life, Not Destroy It Essay

I Disagree with Nietzsche, We Should Embrace Life, Not Destroy It Admittedly, the philosophy of the late nineteenth century German Friederich Nietzsche had a profound impact on my world view. I concur with his belief that humans should occupy themselves with living in the reality that is, and not to be preoccupied with fantastic illusions of working towards a great afterlife. Granted, I am still very young, but from what I can see, humans have no universal nature nor do any set of underlying human morals dictate what is right and wrong. And as much as people would like to believe, unfortunately, we do not have free will. Every action carries the weight of a punishment or reward, so in essence, people do things either in fear or in hope of attaining one of these outcomes, therefore, humans do not have free will. So, then what is the meaning of life? To live each day as if it is heaven itself is all anyone can really do; accepting and embracing the reality of your life is the source of meaning. Whether God exists or not is irrelevant, the only th ing that is within the control of humans is the power to embrace life. As 1950’s Beat poet Allen Ginsburg stressed, people should be concerned with "living in and inhabiting the human form." Living means to not let outside forces take away your pursuit of life, once this thirst for life is taken, you are simply existing, waiting to die. To understand this position on life, take the following hypothetical situation. A woman has a terminal disease; in one year she will be dead. But she does have two options, she can simply live out the year in a hospital bed, weak and sickly from her disease, and die in one year. Or, the alternative choice is that she can take a pill which will... ...e. Because what we choose in life determines the degree to which we live. And at the very core of every person lies the drive to live. As humans with a high degree of cognitive intelligence, we are a part of nature, not above it; our high intellect should serve as a tool to understand this fact. To Nietzsche, humans must destroy everything, so that a new and more pure humanity centered on life can rise. I do agree that we must abandon the traditional illusions that have prevented humans from embracing life, but living in pursuit of destruction is not necessarily the answer. I believe that we must not let human made and human imposed notions of right or wrong control how we live, but living for the sake of destruction is not living. We must live to find an inner and individual satisfaction. Therefore, all life choices should be made with the intent of embracing life.

Sustainable Development Essay -- Environmental Issues

Upton’s premise is a mix-use development providing the full range of dwelling types supported by economic opportunity and social infrastructure. The site was assembled through English partnerships, which were granted outline planning permission for Upton in 1997 (Community and Local Government 2007). The scheme aims to deliver 1,382 homes by its completion in 2013 (Clark 2010). Engaging the community was an important aspect of the schemes development process. In 2001, English Partnerships (EP) collaborated with Northampton Borough Council, the Prince’s Foundation and EDAW, an urban design consultancy, to establish the Upton Working Group to implement the Upton project. Several revised additions of the Upton Urban Framework Plan followed through ‘Enquiry by Design’ for the period of 2001-2002, in late 2002 Northampton Borough Council granted planning consent for the new framework (Street 2006). The multi-faceted characteristics of high-quality urban extensions are detailed in the Sustainable Urban Extensions: Planned through Design report from the Princes Foundation, focusing particularly on the quality of new housing. Paraphrased below are the proposed requirements to create a successful development indicated by the report: Here the report identifies the physical attributes of an urban extension, focussing on quality of new housing. Higher density, a mix of housing types and tenures, legible neighbourhoods, communal areas including green space and communal amenities and facilities are all observed as necessary. However, due to adverse effects of the economic downturn, Upton is yet to provide the substantial amenities as originally proposed. Consequently, residents of Upton will require transportation to obtain essential serv... ... the primary mode of movement and as a result reducing their dependence on cars. Currently streets and buildings are orientated to maximise natural lighting in buildings whilst increasing the proficiency of rooftop photovoltaic cells. Additionally, attempts have been made to ensure a strong sense of place and community identity is incorporated as a parallel to the wider sustainability strategy. The Upton Design code established and set out the standard requirements and development framework on the site. Furthermore the design code commenced open dialogue between developers and their design groups and the Upton Working Group, essentially establishing a co-operative and creative partnership. Nonetheless, building character is determined by individual developers and architects (CABE 2011), and these houses comprise of various consciously-predetermined styles.

Blizzards vs Hurricanes

1 2 In 1903 W. E. B. DuBois has said that race was to be the most important issue of the 20th century. This paper examines how the ‘race problem' has unfolded in 20th century America, from the immigrations and United States imperialism to the Ku Klux Klan. The paper looks at what happened to help the issues with race why it took so long for America to pass the Civil Rights Act. Finally, the paper looks at the progress made in America in the latter part of the century. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 banned discrimination that was based on your race, color, religion and even national origin in employment and public accommodations.Then the Voting Rights Act in 1965 that restored and also protected voting rights. In 1965 the Immigration and Nationality Services Act that opened entry to the United States to the immigrants other than just traditional. These acts I believe helped save the United States and solve some of the race and immigrant issues due to Civil War. At the federal leve l , the Civil Rights Act, the Voting Rights Act and the Fair Housing Act were the highest of the political struggle to improve legislation. But long before these milestones, race-specific policy changed rapidly at the state level.It was unfair to the diffusion of anti-discrimination policy that provides the opportunities to be able to study the political economy. Also the effects of the policies before the federal coverage applied a comparatively uniform standard to most places at the same time. In the first two decades were the most intense and some people have said that it was the lowest point for Black Americans since the Civil War ended. The rule of the land was the segregation and separation. This caused issues; African Americans had to ride in separate railroad cars, their own drinking water fountain and most of all the black Americans even had their own court houses and hotels. Can you imagine how the black Americans felt? To make matters seem worse the black Americans even h ad to use their own facilities and were not able to sit in the front bus, only in the back. The whites had much better facilities than the black Americans did. When a black man was accused by a any white person of having an affair with a white woman, a crime or a different kind of charge, they would become lynched. Lynching is known for ‘hanging’ and it became a public event for the white men, women and even the children.The whites would hang the body, torture it and the burn the body. This became such a popular horrifying event, that between 60 to 80 black men were lynched each year from the years of 1905 to 1915. I could not even imagine how the children felt seeing this. From the years 1900-1914, the White Supremacist called KKK known as the Ku Klux Klan, was started by a small group of whites from the south. The KKK were mad at the fact that the African Americans got their freedom and that the war ended but most of all that the south had lost all their slaves. They did not know how to react.Their revenge was to torture and kill the African American’s just because they got freedom and that they are not the south’s slaves anymore . By 1924 there were more than 4 million KKK men in the United States. Griffith To this day the KKK still exists and think the same way they had years ago. There are some people still do believe like the whites did after the Civil War, black Americans have way more freedom now than they ever did. For example black and white’s are now allowed to marry, all can use the same bathrooms, busses and be able to eat in the same restaurants. In my opinion I do not think that all the racial and segregation should have been a problem because we are all the same people just different skin color and some of our beliefs. White people have different beliefs than other white people but they do not hate each other or want to kill them. 5 References http://americanracedescrimination. wordpress. com/2011/01/27/1900-19 14-racism-kkk/ Bowles, Mark. D, American History 1865-Present | End of Isolation http://www. nber. org/reporter/winter06/collins. RACE IN TURN

Othello Betryal

betryal othello Question:Examine the role of love and betrayal in the play? Othello is one of the many brilliant plays, which capture hearts of a wide audience, written by the great author William Shakespeare. This play is considered to be one of Shakespeare’s excellent pieces of writing based on tragedies, up to date. The play unfolds with themes such as romance, love which eventually ends in betrayal, tragedy, agony, which makes the Othello a wonderful play to discuss. What is love?How Shakespeare illustrates delicately the qualities of love as tolerance, compassion, kindness, sensitiveness, happiness and sadness within different characters in the play. What is betrayal? How Shakespeare portrays the theme of betrayal by changing the love into mistrust and misunderstanding which finally leads to hatred and untimely death of compassionate lovers. It is interesting to know how both themes together create a brilliant play of tragedy. With in all the themes blended in the play â €Å"Othello†, Love is a theme that is very much evident to the wide audience of Shakespeare plays.Like in other stories of Shakespeare, â€Å"Othello† speaks of love by using main characters to influence the audience with the idea of love. Greatest love of all characters is shown by Desdemona the honest and truthful wife of Othello. Desdemona, because of the love and trust she has on Othello chooses to leave her dad, to lead a happy life with the love of her life. â€Å"I do perceive here a divided duty. To you I am bound for life and education; My life and education both do learn me How to respect you. You are the lord of duty; I am hitherto your daughter.But here’s my husband, And so much duty as my mother showed To you, preferring you before her father, So much I challenge, that I may profess due to the Moor my lord† (758). The love Desdemona has for her husband makes her hide the truth about her missing handkerchief because she was well aware that Oth ello will be hurt to know the truth. Love and passion Othello has towards Desdemona are shown in many parts of the play. Overflowing love that Othello has towards Desdemona creates jealousy and in return causes the death of Desdemona.Unconditional love that Othello has for Desdemona is clearly shown when he kills himself after the death of his lover. â€Å"I kissed thee ere I killed thee. No way but this, Killing myself, to die upon a kiss† (858). The love Desdemona has for Othello was not shaken till her last breath even though Othello’s love for Desdemona is corrupted by jealousy. Roderigo another brilliant character who is enticed by the emotion of love goes to an extent of killing others because of the love he has towards Desdemona.One other relationship of love and friendship is seen between Emilia and Desdemona. Emilia stands up for Desdemona, her innocent mistress, to prove her innocence by bringing her husband’s bad deeds to the sight of Othello. Even th ough Emilia steals her mistress’s handkerchief because of her love towards her husband, she ends up standing up for her loving mistress. Iago uses love as a source of advantage to gain success in revenge. He fakes love as a friend to Cassio, Rodrigo, as a husband to Emilia for his own benefit.Iago’s idea of love is control. â€Å"It is merely a lust of the blood and a permission of the will. † (763). He uses people’s affections towards love as a weapon to create a friction between characters which eventually leads to betrayal. One element that is often pointed out by Shakespeare in the play is betrayal. Iago a well known character plays the center role in most betrayals that’s taking place in the play. The character Iago is addressed as honest Iago. â€Å"Iago is most honest† (Shakespeare 2. 3. 777).Even though he is known to be honest he uses everyone’s trust against them and plants fake ideas which crate conflicts. Iago, jealous of Cassio who is second in command to Othello, gets Cassio drunk and brings shame on him in the presence of Othello. Roderigo is a person who can be tricked easily; this fact gives Iago a chance to create hatred between Roderigo and Othello. Iago is convinced that Roderigo is in love Desdemona so he creates friction between Roderigo and Othello with the idea of Othello mistreating Desdemona.Above all Othello is being betrayed by Iago in numerous parts of the play. Iago’s jealousy towards Othello’s position as a great general, Iago develops rude intentions of getting revenge by running Othello’s reputation, then creating doubts in Othello’s heart about his dear wife Desdemona. Othello being fooled and manipulated by Iago, convinced Desdemona’s love is fake, end up murdering his innocent wife. â€Å"I follow him to serve my turn upon him† (Shakespeare 1. 1. 44:742).However, even though Iago plays an important part in the play, all the other chara cters play a role of betrayal at some point or the other. Emalia who is playing the character of Iago’s wife betrays her husband by telling Othello that she stole the handkerchief for her husband, which eventually leads to the death of both Emalia and Iago. â€Å"O thou dull Moor! That handkerchief thou speak’st of I found by fortune and did give my husband; For often, with a solemn earnestness, More than indeed belonged to such a trifle, He begged of me to steal ‘t† (853).The character Desdemona who is known to be innocent, sweet wife of Othello betrays her husband by hiding the fact that she lost the handkerchief, making her husband suspect her more on the fact that she is having an affair with Cassio. â€Å"It is not lost; but what an if it were? † (Shakespeare 3. 4. 809). â€Å"Fetch me the handkerchief! My mind misgives† (Shakespeare 3. 4. 809). The biggest betrayal is somehow caused by Othello by blindly trusting evil Iago and not liste ning to his loving, truthful wife, which causes most of the deaths in the play.Trusting the wrong person and reacting to certain situations without thinking can lead to great tragedy which Shakespeare the great writer has depicted in the play â€Å"Othello†. As mentioned in the introduction the theme love is a combination of various different factors. At the beginning Shakespeare leaves a question mark within the audience as to what love is. After a throw analysis, Desdemona and Othello’s love seems as innocent, romantic love fails because of the lack of a strong foundation of trust, communication which causes romantic love eventually turns into a love of profane. Othello Betryal betryal othello Question:Examine the role of love and betrayal in the play? Othello is one of the many brilliant plays, which capture hearts of a wide audience, written by the great author William Shakespeare. This play is considered to be one of Shakespeare’s excellent pieces of writing based on tragedies, up to date. The play unfolds with themes such as romance, love which eventually ends in betrayal, tragedy, agony, which makes the Othello a wonderful play to discuss. What is love?How Shakespeare illustrates delicately the qualities of love as tolerance, compassion, kindness, sensitiveness, happiness and sadness within different characters in the play. What is betrayal? How Shakespeare portrays the theme of betrayal by changing the love into mistrust and misunderstanding which finally leads to hatred and untimely death of compassionate lovers. It is interesting to know how both themes together create a brilliant play of tragedy. With in all the themes blended in the play â €Å"Othello†, Love is a theme that is very much evident to the wide audience of Shakespeare plays.Like in other stories of Shakespeare, â€Å"Othello† speaks of love by using main characters to influence the audience with the idea of love. Greatest love of all characters is shown by Desdemona the honest and truthful wife of Othello. Desdemona, because of the love and trust she has on Othello chooses to leave her dad, to lead a happy life with the love of her life. â€Å"I do perceive here a divided duty. To you I am bound for life and education; My life and education both do learn me How to respect you. You are the lord of duty; I am hitherto your daughter.But here’s my husband, And so much duty as my mother showed To you, preferring you before her father, So much I challenge, that I may profess due to the Moor my lord† (758). The love Desdemona has for her husband makes her hide the truth about her missing handkerchief because she was well aware that Oth ello will be hurt to know the truth. Love and passion Othello has towards Desdemona are shown in many parts of the play. Overflowing love that Othello has towards Desdemona creates jealousy and in return causes the death of Desdemona.Unconditional love that Othello has for Desdemona is clearly shown when he kills himself after the death of his lover. â€Å"I kissed thee ere I killed thee. No way but this, Killing myself, to die upon a kiss† (858). The love Desdemona has for Othello was not shaken till her last breath even though Othello’s love for Desdemona is corrupted by jealousy. Roderigo another brilliant character who is enticed by the emotion of love goes to an extent of killing others because of the love he has towards Desdemona.One other relationship of love and friendship is seen between Emilia and Desdemona. Emilia stands up for Desdemona, her innocent mistress, to prove her innocence by bringing her husband’s bad deeds to the sight of Othello. Even th ough Emilia steals her mistress’s handkerchief because of her love towards her husband, she ends up standing up for her loving mistress. Iago uses love as a source of advantage to gain success in revenge. He fakes love as a friend to Cassio, Rodrigo, as a husband to Emilia for his own benefit.Iago’s idea of love is control. â€Å"It is merely a lust of the blood and a permission of the will. † (763). He uses people’s affections towards love as a weapon to create a friction between characters which eventually leads to betrayal. One element that is often pointed out by Shakespeare in the play is betrayal. Iago a well known character plays the center role in most betrayals that’s taking place in the play. The character Iago is addressed as honest Iago. â€Å"Iago is most honest† (Shakespeare 2. 3. 777).Even though he is known to be honest he uses everyone’s trust against them and plants fake ideas which crate conflicts. Iago, jealous of Cassio who is second in command to Othello, gets Cassio drunk and brings shame on him in the presence of Othello. Roderigo is a person who can be tricked easily; this fact gives Iago a chance to create hatred between Roderigo and Othello. Iago is convinced that Roderigo is in love Desdemona so he creates friction between Roderigo and Othello with the idea of Othello mistreating Desdemona.Above all Othello is being betrayed by Iago in numerous parts of the play. Iago’s jealousy towards Othello’s position as a great general, Iago develops rude intentions of getting revenge by running Othello’s reputation, then creating doubts in Othello’s heart about his dear wife Desdemona. Othello being fooled and manipulated by Iago, convinced Desdemona’s love is fake, end up murdering his innocent wife. â€Å"I follow him to serve my turn upon him† (Shakespeare 1. 1. 44:742).However, even though Iago plays an important part in the play, all the other chara cters play a role of betrayal at some point or the other. Emalia who is playing the character of Iago’s wife betrays her husband by telling Othello that she stole the handkerchief for her husband, which eventually leads to the death of both Emalia and Iago. â€Å"O thou dull Moor! That handkerchief thou speak’st of I found by fortune and did give my husband; For often, with a solemn earnestness, More than indeed belonged to such a trifle, He begged of me to steal ‘t† (853).The character Desdemona who is known to be innocent, sweet wife of Othello betrays her husband by hiding the fact that she lost the handkerchief, making her husband suspect her more on the fact that she is having an affair with Cassio. â€Å"It is not lost; but what an if it were? † (Shakespeare 3. 4. 809). â€Å"Fetch me the handkerchief! My mind misgives† (Shakespeare 3. 4. 809). The biggest betrayal is somehow caused by Othello by blindly trusting evil Iago and not liste ning to his loving, truthful wife, which causes most of the deaths in the play.Trusting the wrong person and reacting to certain situations without thinking can lead to great tragedy which Shakespeare the great writer has depicted in the play â€Å"Othello†. As mentioned in the introduction the theme love is a combination of various different factors. At the beginning Shakespeare leaves a question mark within the audience as to what love is. After a throw analysis, Desdemona and Othello’s love seems as innocent, romantic love fails because of the lack of a strong foundation of trust, communication which causes romantic love eventually turns into a love of profane.

Process Design Matrix Essay

Process Management is a group of activities that involves planning, monitoring and, results of the process. It is a skill that includes techniques, knowledge, and report and improves processes in order to meet customer service goals and requirements, in turn for a profit. Table 1A describes the product flow matrix. †There are three main approaches to delivering services; they include the production-line approach, the self-service approach, and the personal-attention approach† (Jacobs & Chase, 2011). The purpose of this assignment is to recognize the appropriate design approach for a product or service. The three contrasting approaches are production line, self-service and personal attention. The first approach is a production line. â€Å"The value of this philosophy is that it overcomes many problems inherent in the concept of service itself. That is, service implies subordination or subjugation of the server to the served; manufacturing, on the other hand, avoids this connotation because it focuses on things rather than people† (Jacobs & Chase, 2011). An example of production line would be McDonald’s. The service delivery is treated much like a manufacturing. Instead of possessing different equipment and stations, they would focus on having one large grill for one person to cook the burgers, a dressing station to prepare the burgers, a fryer where one person would make French fires, and a counter where customers place their orders. The second approach is a self-service, proposes. It means â€Å"that the service process can be enhanced by having the customer take a greater role in the production of the service† (Jacobs & Chase, 2011). Self Service is an effective way for the company to save money. As in the example of McDonald’s, there are some restaurants where customers can go up to the counter and place their orders themselves by using a screen touch computer. This comes in handy, because it lets the customer tailor their order to their liking. Other examples of self-service is an ATM machine cuts the cost of a teller. The customer can go to any ATM machine and deposit or withdraw money at any time of the day. Other examples would be IKEA, bikes,  furniture or toys, where the customer can assemble the final production bringing the cost of shipping and the actual item to a lower price. The third approach in the service design is personal attention. Some companies for example, a department store, a doctor’s office or information technology support will try to develop a relationship between the clerk and customer. Some companies at end of the year will send Christmas cards for their customers or a coupon for their next purchase. This is a good way to keep in touch with their customers and in addition, give it that â€Å"personal touch†. In the Process Design Matrix â€Å"the formats by which a facility is arranged are defined by the general pattern of work flow; there are five basic structures (project, work center, manufacturing cell, assembly line, and continuous process† (Jacobs & Chase, 2011). The job shop approach focuses on having functions or equipment in a group. An example would be a machine shop that would make parts for local companies, such as boats; they can even specialize on parts for planes. Toyota Company follows this approach since they have different machine shops so they can create different parts of a car. One area can specialize in building the hood while the other can be cutting customize parts to assemble the car. The second approach is called the assembly line. This creates a similar and constant process on the assembly line in which it follows steps. Toyota Company follows this approach. Each worker has his or her own task and focus on that task. There are stations that will install the tires, another station will specialize on the electrical aspect, and another station will finish of the car by adding a nice coat of paint. When each station finishes their section, it moves on to the next station so it can get worked on. The last approach is the Continuous process. â€Å"This approach is used for products that are similar to the assembly line. The only difference is that  the production flow is continuous like with liquids† (Jacobs & Chase, 2011). Some common continuous processes are oil refining, chemicals, and fertilizers. This type of approach sometimes operates 24 hours a day and workers are in rotating shifts. The product process matrix helps industries understand what their options are especially regarding a manufacturing function. Some firms can have certain traits that belong in the matrix, depending on what life cycle the product is on. By applying this concept into their strategic planning, industries are able to think outside the box and gain competitive advantage. In addition, using the matrix allows manufacturing managers to get involved more in the planning process so they can share their prospects and decision more effectively. Product–process matrix Table 1A – Jacobs, F. R. & Chase, R. (2011). Operations and Supply Chain Management (13th ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Reference Jacobs, F. R. & Chase, R. (2011). Operations and Supply Chain Management (13th ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill Irwin. I do not have page numbers sited because I am unable to download the textbook. I have no problem with reading it through the OLS, I just cannot see page numbers.

Benvolio Mask Essay

For my Benvolio mask, I chose the color blue for loyalty, the dove’s wing for being a peacemaker, and the monocle to represent wisdom. In public, when Benvolio enters the scene, he sees men with raised swords so he told them to â€Å"put up your swords† (1,1,76). Tybalt then enters and tells Benvolio to draw his sword but Benvolio tells Tybalt that he should â€Å"part these men with me† (1,1,82). This shows that Benvolio wants no violence but rather peace. Since a dove’s wing means peacefulness, honesty, and faith, I chose the dove’s wing because Benvolio has all these traits. After the fight, Romeo is seen grieving about his purged heart and tells Benvolio goodbye, but Benvolio tells Romeo that he will â€Å"go along†(1,1,196) and if Romeo leaves him, then he will â€Å"do [him] wrong†(1,1,197). True friendship and loyalty was exhibited in this scene which is represented by the color blue on the mask. I put blue as the background of the mask because it’s meaning is loyalty and Benvolio shows this by tagging along with his friends and trying to soothe them and communicate with them. When the Capulets arrive into the public place, Mercutio calls Tybalt out to fight him , but when Benvolio sees the danger point, he tells the men to â€Å"withdraw unto some private place, and reason coldly of your grievances, or else depart. † (3,1,50). When no men heed Benvoilio’s warning, Mercutio is killed and Romeo looks for revenge and he achieves it with a fallen pale Tybalt. Benvolio tells Romeo to â€Å"be gone†(3,1,134), and to â€Å"stand not amazed† (3,1,134) since the â€Å"prince will doom thee death†(3,1,136) and â€Å"if thou art taken: hence, be gone, away! †(3,1,137). This shows how wise and aware Benvolio is. A monocle represents this because when one wears a monocle they have the urge to think deeper.

A&P Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A&P Discussion - Essay Example The five-liter per minute blood flow indicates how the fatty materials have built up along the arterial walls that the volumetric blood rate becomes this low. (2) Immunosuppressive Disorder, otherwise known as immunodeficiency disorder, pertains to any condition that impairs the ability of a human body to combat infections as such disorder suppresses a natural response of the immune system to an antigen. Besides being genetically transferred, it may be acquired in the form as AIDS and one may obtain the virus responsible for it through sexual intercourse or transfusion with a contaminated blood or needles. This sensitive condition would normally require isolation of an immunosuppressive person for becoming increasing prone to infections. Health care environment may put the person to a higher risk of exposure to factors that worsen his situation since there are several other ill patients who possess contagious disease that may readily spread in the open and bring about different types of infections at varying degree. (3) G.I.

Terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Terrorism - Essay Example This implies that terrorism has been used by left-wing and right-wing political parties, religious groups, nationalistic groups, ruling governments, revolutionaries, among others (Malisow and French 24). This paper shall seek to explain the moral and political aspects of terrorism as well as the issues that define and conceptualize the terrorism phenomenon. There are several documentaries and films that have been created to explicate the origin, as well as the issues that revolve around terrorism. Some of these documentaries include; The Weather Underground by Sam Green and Bill Siegel, The Power Nightmares by Adam Curtis, among others. These two documentaries extensively explore the concept of terrorism, how it came into being, its existence and how it is perceived by people of different cadres. First and foremost, it is worth noting that the two documentaries concur that terrorism came into existence as a form of revolution against issues that were the masses assumed were against h umanity and peaceful co-existence among people. In the documentary, The Weather Underground, Sam Green and Bill Siegel have explicated the manner in which a group of students revolted against some of the issues they felt the government was not addressing. The students, under an umbrella body known as Students for Democratic Society, protested against unequal rights of the African American people and the Vietnam War (Green and Siegel). After realizing that their peaceful demonstrations were being taken for granted, they resorted to terror. For instance, the smashed windows of government buildings and even set blew some with bombs. While blowing the government buildings, they passed word for people to vacate the buildings to ensure that no one was hurt (Green and Siegel). In this case, they respected the sanctity of life while agitating for their rights. This documentary plays an integral part in giving the history of American terrorists. On the hand, The Power Nightmares documentary explicates the rise and growth of Islamic terrorism and the perceived war on terror. Just like in The Weather Underground, Curtis’s documentary demonstrates that resentment and dissatisfaction with the state of things led to the rise of terrorism. However, according to Curtis, terrorism began with the Sayyid Qutb, an Egyptian civil servant and the founder of modern Islamist school of thought, resentment of the western society’s morals and virtues (Curtis). Having stayed in America and witnessed the rot in the western morals as perpetrated by individualism, he opposed Gamal Abdel Nasser’s westernization of Egypt. Therefore, he aims at saving the society by restructuring it along Islamic lines. Additionally, he is convinced that his wish can only be achieved by creating an elite vanguard to facilitate a revolution. Consequently, he creates the Muslim Brotherhood of which he becomes the leader. He motivates other Islamists such as Ayman al-Zawahiri, who later becom es the mentor of Osama bin Laden (Curtis). They have a strong notion that westernized leaders can be killed in order to remove their corruption in the society. Curtis also reveals the rise of disillusioned liberals such as Paul Wolfowitz and Irving Kristol in America. They were agitating for th

Popular Culture Artifact Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Popular Culture Artifact - Essay Example The featured artifact is drawing of the iconic Former South African President and Statesman Nelson Mandela. The icon chosen for the portrait is the diamond. Diamonds have been salient features in contemporary popular culture. In 1938 the New York advertising agency of N.W. Ayers was commissioned to change public attitudes toward diamonds. The campaign was conceptualized to shift popular regard of diamonds as a scarce, expensive and very hard stones to a symbol of commitment and everlasting love. Thus in 1947 and Ayers advertising copywriter came up with the slogan "a diamond is forever". "As an N.W. Ayers memorandum put it in 1959: "Since 1939 an entirely new generation of young people has grown to marriageable age. To the new generation, a diamond ring is considered a necessity for engagement to virtually everyone."(Sut Jhally: Image-Based Culture: Advertising and Popular Culture -1990). In the featured artifact the diamond icon represents the immortality of what the featured person has come to stand for. The Portrait pictures Nelson Mandela who committed his life to fighting for the emancipation of South Africans out of the shackles of apartheid. What makes the diamond icon more appropriate in the assembling of this artifact is the eternality of the values of peace and equality. This is what Mandela fought for. These values like a diamond are forever. The banner text also contributes to manufacturing of meaning impact in the artifact. It denotes the that fact that coal and diamonds are formed in exactly the same variables, pressure and heat the only differentiating factor being that diamonds were subjected to more pressure and heat than coal. Again these associative meanings coalesce sound meaning in interpreting the artifact. The meaning in this aspect is drawn from the excruciating and extenuating circumstances in his struggle for human rights. The ordeal would either make him or beak him and as such the very circumstances that made some of his fellow citizens fall made a jewel out of him. The jewel as a crystal three dimensional gazing stock contributes to the whole meaning worth as it has become a popular symbol of excellence and invaluable worth. The artifact employs the meaning dissemination channels provided thorough the conventions and inventions formula. Through the conventions the artifact taps into the significance of mundane appreciation of art, mere drawings of people, great and non-entities as well as objects. Drawings have an intricate appeal to human art appreciation. The Mona Lisa drawing by Learnado Da Vince is arguably the most popular and famous portrait. What has made the artifact famous is the fact that the immaculate masterpiece was hand drawn. The artist used his finger to originate the painting. Drawings as medium are valuable for their appeal to human senses as they express human prowess in creativity and reproduction of reality. The featured artifact, by virtue of being a hand drawn artifact, will effectively prompt recipient appreciation by its nature demonstrative of the human artistic dexterity. This aspect will also be enhanced by the fact that the drawing pictures a prominent international icon. Nelson Mandela is more than just an international celebrity;

Analysis of Sustainability in Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Analysis of Sustainability in Practice - Essay Example As a technology company, Siemens worldwide aims to capture opportunities for sustainable advancement of customers and the organization. Corporate social responsibility generates sustained value for the betterment of society. Siemens is a future-oriented company which believes in sustainable development and responsibilities towards the society and has undergone out of the way to fulfill its commitment to the welfare of people, earth and the business. Sustainable development is beautifully explained as â€Å"Meeting present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs† (Grayson et. al 2012). Sustainability is seen as the eco-development approach for the preservation of resources. Moreover, social responsibility is an obligation to assume corporate duties for the welfare of society (Ebner & Baumgartner 2006). Seeking economic benefits stays as the mission for the existence of any business. However, CSR provides societal development which in directly supports the motive of the business. By long-term value creation for the society, businesses fulfill their duty as a member and contribute to the growth of the firm. Proponents of sustainable development suggest that resources are scarce so sustainable use is crucial for growth otherwise the quality of life will worsen (Blewitt 2008). For instance, if a tree is slashed without planting another one, this will eventually turn a forest into a desert. The issue of sustainability has become even more challenging with the massive growth in population because it will raise the consumption and demand for resources. Sustainability involves a firm commitment towards needs of the poor along with economic and social improvement and also realizing the limited nature of resources. Corporate Social Responsibility is an ethical  obligation to the community at large.

Conduct career comparison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Conduct career comparison - Essay Example The fact is that many end up specializing in finance as a major. Accountant on their part do the same subjects as their counterparts but take accounts as a major. In terms of salary, both professions fall in the same salary bracket of $1000 but financial analyst who performs consultancy duties tend to earn averagely higher than their counterparts in accounts. Salary is determined by the organizations the individuals work but comparatively, financial analysts earn slightly higher than their counterparts in accounting professional In incorporating Kuder results, accountants always feel more accomplished and feel that they directly contribute to the success of the business as they involved in daily operations. Financial analysts have a great sense of prestige as they feel that the decisions they make forms the financial path the business eventually takes. Compared to accountants Opportunity for advancement in the financial analyst profession is vast and he has an opportunity to interact with many organizations in his line of duty especially those in financial consultancy (Carter et al.,

Art analyze Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Art analyze - Assignment Example The old building has a large door and a fleet of staircase heading to the large door, which suggests a warehouse. In addition, the "Lane with Poplar Trees" by Van Gogh depicts the image of a man standing on a lane with Poplar trees at sunset. The poplar trees are seemingly handy with no leaves, which suggest drought or a dry season. The poplar trees line the lane in a defined pattern heading to a far distance, which manifest the unending tribulations of the dry season. Moreover, the man stands in the middle of the lane in a desperate posture, which depicts the hopelessness at the time. The trees and the grass on the sides are standing still showing the stagnant nature of life in this season. Denotative description refers to the translation of an image to its literal meaning (Bedford, 2014). On the other hand, a connotative description is a symbolic translation of an image to its implied meaning (Bedford, 2014). In this context, we seek to give the denotative and connotative meaning of the Royal Media advertisement image. The denotative description of the Royal Media advertisement image is the word LEGO enclosed in a brown board. The letters are in white and the boundary of word is in black. The brown board propels in the sky. On the other hand, the connotative description of the Royal Media advertisement image, LEGO is a dominant line of construction toys manufactured by The Lego Group. Notably, the LEGO is a private company with its headquarters in Billund, Denmark. An icon may refer to an image that represents an exclusive object, a sacred Christian personage, or a religious piece of art. An icon stands for an object that relates to religious, economic, cultural, or political setting. I think the image below is an icon representing a religious personage, which has a symbolic meaning to many people (Sturken & Cartwright, 2001). The Russian icon of Holy Trinity, which Russian painter Andrei Rublev

How to manage change and achieve sustainable growth in Hong Kong Dissertation

How to manage change and achieve sustainable growth in Hong Kong Travel Industry A case study on China Travel Service - Dissertation Example The interview results were analysed to develop an understanding of the change management process of CTS, the barriers that it faced and overcame and the outcomes of the change. The analysis of the change process revealed that CTS has succesfully used the change management techniques to instil both a process and culture change. The case study of CTS provides inspiration and insight to other travel organizations in Hong Kong to emulate. Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1. Background and Introduction 1.2. Research Questions 1.3. Research Aims and Objectives 1.4. Research Methods 1.5. Dissertation Outline Chapter 2: Overview of CTS Chapter 3: Literature Review 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Travel and Tourism Industry 3.2.1 Chinese Travel Industry Overview 3.2.2 Hong Kong Tourism 3.2.2.1 Tourism Performance 3.2.2.2 Customer Profile and Segmentation 3.2.2.3 Hong Kong as a Repeat Destination 3.2.3 Factors Affecting Tourism Industry in Hong Kong 3.2.3.2 Government Attitude and Policies 3.2 .3.3 International Events 3.2.3.3 Increased Exposure to the Outside World 3.2.3.4 Increase in Standards of Livng and Purchasing Power 3.2.3.5 Technology 3.2.3.6 Rapid Investment in Infrastructure 3.2.4 Challenges Faced by Travel Industry 3.2.4.1 Perception of Risk Hazards 3.2.4.2 Liberalization and Entry of Foreign Players 3.2.4.3 Competition from Neighboring Destinations 3.2.4.4 Government Controls 3.2.4.5 Cultural Issues 3.2.3.6 SARS and Intermittent Outbreak of other Infectious Diseases 3.3 Strategic Management in Travel Industry 3.3.1 Tourism Organizational Structure and Vision for Hong Kong 3.3.2 Tourism Strategy in Hong Kong 3.3.2.1 Tourism Promotion 3.3.2.2 Tourism Development in Hong Kong 3.3.2.3 Monitoring and Regulation of Tourism in Hong Kong 3.3.3 Lack of Strategic Implementation 3.4Change Management Theories and Concepts 3.4.1 Definitions and Concepts of Change Management 3.4.2Theories of Change 3.4.2.1 Lewin’s Model of Change – The Force Field Analysis 3. 4.2.2 The ADKAR Model 3.4.2.3 Six Changes Model 3.4.2.3 Eight-Step Process for Implementing Successful Transformations Model 3.5 Summary of Literature Chapter 4: Research Methodology 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Research Objectives 4.3 Research Approach 4.4 Research Methods 4.5 Research Design 4.5.1 Secondary Research 4.5.2 Primary Research 4.5.2.1 Sample 4.5.2.2 Sample Selection Method 4.5.2.3 Data Collection Method 4.5.2.4 Data Collection Instrument 4.5.2.5 Data Analysis Method 4.6 Ethical Considerations 4.7 Summary Chapter 5: Findings 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Challenges Faced by CTS in the Current Business Environment 5.3 Opportunities for CTS in the Current and Future 5.3 Strategic Changes made by CTS 5.5 Internal Changes at CTS 5.6 Change Management Process at CTS 5.7 Challenges to Change Management Process and Overcoming Barriers to Change 5.8 Outcomes of Change Management 5.9Analysis of the Change Management Process 5.10 Summary Chapter 7: Conclusions 7.1 Summary of Findings 7.2 Limitati ons of Research and Scope for future Research List of tables Table 1: Total Number of Visitors to Hong Kong in the first six months of 2010 Table 2: Positive Outcomes of Change Management â€Å"How to manage change and achieve sustainable growth in Hong Kong Travel Industry?† A case study on China Travel Service Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1. Background and Introduction The business environment within