Code of the Street Elijah Anderson

Code of the Street Elijah Anderson The book, Code of The Street, by Yale Professor Elijah Anderson puts in light the various issues that are common in the city today. The street codes majorly affect the actions and behavior of many youths in the inner city. In the inner city, Anderson shows that there are many social evils like high rates of unemployment, teenage pregnancy. The main force contributing to these street codes according to him is racism though that kind of behavior is accelerated by the existing economic and political commands in the city (Anderson 34). The Code of Street applies to the behavior for the public and is a norm for the community which is alienated (Anderson 69) .if these codes of conducts within the street are not fully immersed into the lives of the young they tend to switch to the behaviors that they find on the street, Learning of the street code starts early in ones life from his or her parents to the street families who introduce them to such codes. Parents dont take role in tending their children leaving them to do it themselves (Anderson 49). The code of the street is worrying according to the sociologist Anderson as it is attributed to ills like increased rate of crime, stress, drug trafficking and all forms of violence with ultimate result of death. The urban life within the ghettos majorly contributed to the street codes. He brings out clearly the issue of respect .According to Anderson, the codes of the street is majorly affected by the poor dwellings the youth live in .In addition to the environment they live in (Anderson 50). The inner city is seems to be morally decayed as it lacks role models to be copied by the youth and the economy favors few people. With the relocation of the creators of employment to oversee leaving the youth idle within the inner city .Comparing the middle class and the lower class males of the lower class are involved in rebellious acts. Another factor is frustration of the disadvantaged youth led s to adaptation of the street codes. The inner city families were described to be decent with good values while the street families excluded themselves from the greater society Apart from the two types of families being distinct they greatly interact on the streets. Also in the schools, open publics areas are other places where these people interact. (Anderson 54). The major determining factor of how people behaved lied on the families values one is brought up with those brought up in the decent homes have proper street codes ,while those of the street families were viewed as those found like drug to commit ills like drug trafficking and all negativities of the neighborhoods like murder and violence .People fought and even shot each other to acquire respect .Lack of respect could render one to be tried by his or her peers and to the extreme the strangers. Respect was used as a measure of ones credibility within the streets. Ethics of hard work, appreciating religion and achievements in the academics were considered as respectable action within the streets. (Anderson 45). According to Anderson, teens became pregnant because they dont know the implication of having sex. For the adolescents, they became pregnant knowingly or sometimes not knowingly. The males portray a behavior of escapism of responsibilities and most times the females are left to take care of their children without father figure or sometimes get a helping hand from their family members. Many men or fathers deny the fatherhood to their children especially if they doubt their fatherhood to that child or the character of the mother may cause this. Anderson conducted ethnography study in Philadelphia in 1990 where he studied African Americans in certain classes within the city coupled with his observation (Anderson 43). According to Anderson (2000), the people in the mainstream society have proper values that dont allow them to retaliate after an attack rather they move away from the areas of fight. This makes them uphold their self esteem (Anderson 34) .This is a show of respect. Their counter parts on the other hand cant suffer the humiliation of walking away all in all they have nothing to lose as their status is low .Those from the low status communities want to uphold their respect even though it calls for the fighting to show how they are they can attack their counterparts The methods used in this research include survey whereby various households were sampled and the youth in those families who were capable of being interviewed were interviewed to gather information from them. This could help in giving the data collector an insight on the youth violence. The youth by the time they are teen, they learnt these codes, make them part and parcel of their lifes and thus the survey conducted on the youth in their adolescence is valid (Anderson 83). In the society classes i.e. middle and lower classes, Anderson interviews the subjects of target whom are faced with the daily decadency of the urban ills ranging from teens pregnancy, child delinquency and family disagreement. Anderson the code of street heroes is those that overcome the streets temptations to have a brighter tomorrow for the future people Findings according to Anderson show that peer aggression, having been a victim of violence and type of parenting are associated with the following and obeying the street code related to beliefs. Those who have ever been victims of a circumstance tend to refrain from the bad codes. Also anger is a contributing factor to the adherence of these codes. Though being involved in prior victimization might be seen as a factor towards the adherence of the codes, it isnt. Instead it makes the victim learn from the prior experience (Anderson 70). Several matters have made the scope of this study to be limited .First; the subculture thesis assessment according to Anderson is not dealt in depth. There is dire need to do in-depth investigation on this thesis. Anderson just gave a highlight .more need to be added especially on the code switching, how the people take their authorities that instill these behaviors. To add on that, the role of race in bringing out the belief related codes and the contributing to the youth violence is not clearly brought out. The youth violence is not only attributed to the blacks even the other races are victims of it. Also other factors like poverty coupled with the few opportunities could still contribute to this. Finally, the findings are more side lined on male youth violence. To the male youth, even some cliques of inner city girls are found to incite the infighting (Anderson 92). At this juncture, gender role in not clearly brought out in the contribution to the youth violence. In conclusion from the studies, it shown that the beliefs in our traditional subcultures contribute a lot in the violent behavior among the youth. Violence is more prevalent with those follow those beliefs that are in agreement with the street codes. Though it is not possible to get the etiology of these code beliefs but it is seen that the way one is socialized, the role models one looks up to and the parental upbringing matters (Anderson 97). Those youth who claim lack of future for them and had prior victimized tend to acquire the aggressive behavior in future. Also the way of parenting is also a factor where by those parents who are aggressive to their children tend to acquire violent behaviors from them. Then they will be the pioneers of all the crimes, violence in the society. Thus provision of future opportunity to our youth is of great importance as well as personal protection especially parent to their children (Anderson 120). Work Cited Anderson, Elijah. Code of the Street: Decency, Violence, and the Moral Life of the Inner City. New York: W.W. Norton, 2000.

Christian Gospel Essay

What are some ways the Christian gospel is perceived in our Culture The Gospel of Christian is alleged in our traditions in many customs. Most people have the perception that if you are a Christian you feel you are holier than a non-believer. What they do not understand is that, when anyone makes the choice to become a Christian, they make life-long changes in their lives. On several occasions, friends and sometimes family become offended with the choices you make in becoming a Christian. In my life, my wife and I made the decision to become a Christians, we changed everything in our life, including the way we think. What are some specific moral, emotional, and intellectual reasons people may reject the Christian Gospel The main reasons individuals refuse the gospel is mainly due to their morals. Usually it is beliefs, marital status or political. Christianity weights a devotion to positive ethical regulations that several individuals think is old-fashioned, or prejudiced. People view Christians as being hypercritical and unenthusiastic to earn the right to be heard because of their attitudes. People who live a diverse lifestyle other than the Christian Gospel, we are not willing to dialog with someone. Christian Gospel is viewed as conflicting to intellectual learning. The majority of the bible is viewed as a leprechaun or myths, and several human beings are reluctant to obtain a firm glance at the worldly, for Christ’s life, fatality and renaissance. The Christian Gospel can be tough to grab a hold of, particularly for non-believers who really do not understand God’s love for his children. The fact that human beings do not understand that there is somebody that loves them unconditionally. Nevertheless, when people begin to understand and have a relationship with God, they start to give him their all and just dive in. What can Christians do to address these objections and better communicate the Christian gospel? To be honest, Christians should reserve themselves from the noisily hypercritical, the fakes. Our actions should always speak louder than words. People should see in Christians, the Jesus in them. By caring for those individuals who are still living in sin, like Jesus did, we get the right to heard. Just accusing people, and performing or behaving ungodly, in which you are acting no different from the non-believers, will not conquer the objections of the humankind.

Holden Caulfield Diagnostic

Holden Caulfield Medical Diagnosis Holden Caulfield Medical Diagnosis Dear Mister and Misses Caulfield, my name is Dr: Connor Grist and I have been mister Holden Caulfield’s psychologist over the past couple weeks. Asking him about his life story and what he has gone through. Through his explanation of his life story, I was able to uncover 3 key behavioral characteristics that I believe he suffers from. Through my research, I believe that he suffers he uses profanity laced vocabulary and abusive language often. He is also depressed, sad and disturbed through his life story that he has told me.Finally he is also withdrawn seclusive and friendless because of his inability to overlook flaws in people. This information has let me to diagnose him with Depression-Anxiety. For the time era in which Holden grew up (1970s) he has a very profanity laced vocabulary, which is most likely because of his anxiety and depression. Throughout the book he could have quite possibly said the phras e â€Å"God Dam† more than 100 times. Although this would be more accepted today, a generation or two ago this would have been very frowned upon for a teenager to talk like that.Holden is also hypocritical in a way with his swearing because near the end of the book he begins to try and erase all of the profanity on the wall and while he thinks that he is ridding the world of evil, he often is the source of some of the evil with his swearing. Throughout the book, you can often notice and sense that Holden is quite depressed and sad all of the time. This is because near the end of the book, he is trying the play the role of the â€Å"Catcher† but he soon realizes that he can never rid the world of all the evil that he doesn’t want Phobe to see.He tells Phoebe that he wants to prevent children from growing up. He blames the world’s corruption on adults and believes that when he stops the children from growing up he will preserve their innocence and save the world. Finally, he realizes that not only is there nothing that he can do, but there is nowhere he can go to hide from it. Ironically enough, it is one of the â€Å"innocent† children that he is trying to protect who helps him come to terms with this realization. It is Phoebe who challenges his plan to escape out west.As he is telling Phoebe that she cannot run away, he discovers that he too cannot run away. â€Å" You can’t ever find a place that is nice and peaceful, because there isn’t any. † The final breakdown comes near the end of the book when he is watching Phoebe on the carousel. As all the kids on the carousel try to grab the golden rings, Holden hits the final breakdown. Being the â€Å" catcher â€Å" becomes obviously unrealistic. Finally Holden is usually withdrawn and friendless because of his inability to accept people for who they are and constantly pick out their flaws.As you read and read through the book, you will get the sense the H olden has never really had a true friend. He is usually nice to most people but really he thinks that they are phonies. An example of this would be on page 77 where Holden Says, â€Å" She was a funny girl, old Jane. I wouldn’t exactly describe her as strictly beautiful. She knocked me out though. She was sort of muckle-mouthed. When she was talking, her mouth sort of went in about 50 different directions her lips and all â€Å".This quote shows that even the people Holden likes a lot, such as Jane Gallagher he still has to be judgmental and find the flaws in them. This ultimately leads to Holden being forever alone in the book. In Conclusion, Holden Caulfield has been diagnosed with a anxiety-depression disorder because of his profanity laced vocabulary, his depressed sad and disturbed state, and his inability to accept people for who they are without being judgmental and picking out their flaws. A treatment recommendation for this would be to continue therapy sessions and anti-depressant medication.

Human Resources Practices, Recruitment and Selection Free Essay Example, 2500 words

The company has over 140,000 employees distributed across 50,000 drop-off points operating over 645 aircraft and about 42,000 motor vehicles across its network. The mission for FedEx is to produce superior financial returns for its shareowners by providing high value-added logistics, transportation and related business services (FedEx, 2012). The philosophy of people-service-profit, PSP has been adopted to guide the company in achieving this. This philosophy rides on the postulation that establishing a culture that respects and rewards employees would cause a delivery of exceptional service to its esteemed customers who would, in turn, reward the organization with business and loyalty thus creating a profitable enterprise (Jackson, Schuler Werner, 2012). Since the inception of the corporation, the management has been keen to provide a suitable working environment for its employees that would enhance innovative solutions. This has been reciprocated by employees who have exhibited a n exemplary commitment to their work evidenced by their willingness to use their personal assets during the period when the company faced serious financial troubles so as to meet its obligations to the customers (Jackson, Schuler Werner, 2012). We will write a custom essay sample on Human Resources Practices, Recruitment and Selection or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Even at times when the employees did not receive their salaries on time, they still worked. Being a service organization, its founder, Smith believed that success would be heavily pegged on its employees, giving rise to the 1973 PSP philosophy. This philosophy considered the welfare of an employee as paramount to the provision of efficient service to customers who would, in turn, generate profits for the organization. This was the basis of all management decisions at FedEx henceforth, including formulation of its human resource practices. Recruitment refers to the human resource process where people needed to fill in particular vacancies would be discovered, developed, sought and attracted. Selection, on the other hand, involves the use of personal information to determine who to hire (Adeleye, 2011).

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Literature Review - Reading - 1659 Words

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 1. Introduction In this chapter various related literature and research pertaining to this research will be presented. It addresses the views and effect of using extensive reading method to improve comprehension and motivates reading. 2. Related Literature Up until now there is still no definite definition for ‘reading’ as Criscuolo (1973) says â€Å"There is no exact definition for reading’. Another view, Alderson and Urguhart (1984) in Fauziah Hassan HBET3203 (2004:3), â€Å"If the ability (to read) involves so many aspects of language, cognition, life and learning, then no one academic discipline can claim to have the correct view of what is crucial in reading: linguistics certainly not, probably†¦show more content†¦Most importantly they choose something that they like. Brown H.D. (2001:301) writes â€Å"†¦the extent to which learners will learn to read better in a laissez-faire atmosphere of enriched surroundings or in an instructed sequence of direct attention to the strategies of efficient reading†. Cited in â€Å"The Language Learning Benefits of Extensive Reading† – file://F:\ERTheLanguageTeacher Online21_5...11.11.2006 writes ‘Green and Oxford (1995) in a study of the effect of learning strategies on language proficiency found that reading for pleasure was most strongly related to proficiency†. As extensive reading method has this characteristic of learning the language in unthreatening atmosphere and with no formal text, it is hope, will foster reading comprehension and good reading habit. Krashen (1993) The Power of Reading and Day and Bamford (1998) cited in Brown (2001:365) both made the case that extensive reading ( or free voluntary reading (FVR) as Krashen called it ) is a key to students gains in reading ability, linguistic competence, vocabulary, spelling, and writing. It is important to develop students’ word recognition which will lead to automatic word recognition, and that means less usage of the dictionary. Keep going back or stop to check words in the dictionary will not only slow down the reading rate but may also cause wrong interpretations. Reader may feel discourage to continue or to cultivate good readingShow MoreRelatedImportance And Characteristics Of Literature Reviews1615 Words   |  7 PagesImportance and Characteristics of Literature Reviews A literature review examines existing research that is important to the work that you want to do. Literature reviews provide important background information and details about a specific research topic. 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Is Google making us stupid “What the Internet is Doing to Our Brains free essay sample

In â€Å"Is Google making us stupid? † Carr claims the Internet is altering the brains ability to concentrate and process thoughts. The internet has become our main source for information, but has shape the way we read books or other long articles. The new style of reading promotes a risk of flattening intelligence even as it offers the benefits of knowledge efficiency and immediacy. As technology continues to evolve, it will continuously strip humans from humanity. According to Gorry, â€Å"As technology exposes us to the pain and suffering of so many others, it might also numb our emotions, distance us from our fellow humans, and attenuate our empathetic responses to their misfortunes†. Such prolonged exposure to the internet has made us inhumane of others by not considering peoples emotions. The article explains the effects of the internet has had on both Carr and his colleagues. He explains how hes mind has become more inefficient to comprehend a lengthy article since his use of the internet. Hes unable to concentrate on long pieces of writing and struggles to continue reading until finishing. The way he use indulge himself into books and articles is no longer there, now he must force himself to do so. In addition, he acknowledges the internet has become a useful tool to access information in such a prompt manner. However, his mind has adapt to obtain information in such a swift manner without doing much effort. His colleagues are struggling as well to stay focused after Flores 2 using the internet for long periods of time. Carr colleagues are considered the â€Å"literacy types† but are experiencing similar problems after reading long articles. The effects of the internet doesnt just affect Carr, but also the people that surround him. Internet has significantly diminish cognition by not being able to fully understand the article or the book being read. Carr does use anecdotes to back up his argument that the internet has negative effects on the mind, although no such evidence can be proven. However, he use a recent scientific study from the University College London as the foundation of his argument. The five year study concerning online reading behavior prove a new form of skimming activity from users using the sites. The users jump between several sources and just read less than one or two pages in which they rarely return for a second look. Longer articles were saved to be read later, but theres no such evidence that they took time to read it later on. The way people â€Å"read† has change, and the study proves it. The results of the study showed that readers â€Å"power browse† looking for the most important information out of the immense amount of material available. He cites Maryanne Wolf, a developmental psychologist to explain that â€Å"When we read online read online, she says, we tend to become â€Å"mere decoders of information. † The statement indicates that instead of reading a book or article, people are more willing to just skim through and try to find an understanding of the reading rather than actually doing the effort. Reading isnt what it used to be according to Wolf. People actually need to indulge themselves into deep reading to fully comprehend what the book/article is trying to emphasize on. Doing so would actually force the reader to continue reading just so that he/she did not prove the author right. Carr changes the focus towards the human brain of being shaped or formed, which can be easily Flores 3 manipulated in various ways. Nonetheless, brain researchers say otherwise. James Old, a neuroscience professor at George Mason University attempts to make things more clearly by stating that nerve cells regularly form new connections and dispense old ones. As he has stated â€Å"the human brain† has the ability to reprogram itself, meaning that age isnt necessarily a factor in the brains development. The concept of â€Å"Intellectual technologies† was introduce to the argument, meaning that we essentially incorporate technology as part of our lives. The mechanical clock was used as an example for the concept of intellectual technology. Carr does discuss about the benefits and disadvantages from the evolving new forms of technology. The clock â€Å"helped bring into being the scientific mind and the scientific man. But it also took something away†. Now decisions are being made of when to eat, work, or sleep from technologies rather than our senses. The internet by far has impacted cognition, as it has becomes something we cant live without. Internet is replacing most intellectual technologies from the past such as the clock, map, printing press, typewriter, calculator, telephone, television and radio. The amount of content the internet has, is significantly diminishing concentration by having numerous distractions such as ads or impulsive persuading commercials trying to sell something. Furthermore, Carr discusses about the creators of Googles and strives to figure out their perspective. The creators (Sergey Brin and Larry page) acknowledge of desiring to make Google an artificial intelligence search engine. Their main focus is to make a search engine as smart as people- or smarter. Theyre determine to create a search engine that â€Å"understands exactly what you mean and gives you back exactly what you want. † Their ambition to keep improving Google is quite astonishing, as they aspire to great new heights. However, Carr questions the assumption that well be all â€Å"better off† Flores 4 by incorporating our brains with an artificial intelligence which can be extremely worrisome. He explains intelligence is not something, you can try to manipulate. Theres no certain way to calculate human behavior nor intelligence. Carr does continue to reinforce that humanity is being replace by the new forms of technology that has becomes part of our lives. Carr admits hes skeptical of excessively worrying about nothing as he tries to find flaw in each technological advancement in which we tend to glorify. He refers Plato Phaedrus, in which Socrates is concern of the development of writing because the written word would just be a substitute for the memory. In addition, people would think themselves knowledgeable despite being unable to comprehend the new gain knowledge. The 15th century Italian editor Hieronimo Squarciaficos concerns about printed works were inaccurate as printed works became a beneficial part of human knowledge. The internet has become our main source of information, but we losing ourselves at the same time. As Gorry stated â€Å"Technology is replacing the traditional social structures of the face-to-face community with more-fluid electronic arenas for gossip, preening, and posturing,. Social interaction has decrease over the past few years since the introduction of the cell phone. People are least likely to talk face-to-face and more easily text one another back and forward. As a result, people lack communication skills in which they are crucial to build relationships. The title of Carr’s article is the most revealing clue for the entire argument he is trying to make. â€Å"Is google making us stupid? † The obvious answer might be that Google provides us with an instant access to all types of information from a variety of sources. As a result, we are becoming too use to being able to access information faster and more conveniently. Likewise, the future of technology will continue to evolve as technology importance increases. We don’t know what the internet may become in the future, and how it could make us more like computers. But, Carr does fear that we have lost the ability of deep critical thinking. In essence the internet immersion has dramatically affect us by making us become more machine-like than machines themselves.